Test of the Mecca Pact: How Ansar Allah’s Red Sea Surge Is Unravelling Gulf Deterrence

The author argues that Ansar Allah’s strategic advances in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait and key infrastructure strikes have exposed the military and operational limitations of the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, leaving Saudi Arabia exposed as key allies and the United States decline direct combat intervention.

From Bishkek to New Delhi: The Next Phase of India-Russia Defence Cooperation

Two meetings in two weeks. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Putin are set to meet again after their recent SCO meeting, which focused on energy and defence cooperation. Their next meeting in New Delhi for the BRICS Summit has already sparked speculation about potential defence deals. Could Russia be preparing to offer India fighter aircraft and advanced air-defence systems?

The Makkah Pact and the Emerging West Asian Order

The author argues that while the newly formed Makkah Joint Defence Agreement between major Muslim nations aims to address shifting West Asian security dynamics and project regional power, its internal rivalries, broad external targets—including Israel, India, and Russia—and questionable operational feasibility will ultimately drive impacted non-member states like India to recalibrate their own strategic partnerships and diplomatic alliances.

Missing Treaty of Sugauli a political ploy?

he author argues that Nepal's renewed claim over Limpiyadhura, Lipulekh, and Kalapani—conveniently timed with the resumption of India-China trade via Lipulekh—rests on shaky historical ground, since past Nepalese kings never disputed these territories and repeated searches have failed to even locate the original Sugauli Treaty document. With no treaty map defining the Kali's source and both sides relying on competing British-era records, the author concludes that only diplomacy, not legal appeals to a treaty neither side can fully verify, can resolve the dispute.

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The Indian Air Force in the Indian Ocean Region

By: Vikas Kalyani

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Learning to Learn-A discussion on NEP 2020

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